Market volatility explained

About 7 minutes

About 7 minutes

Published 09/04/25

Published 09/04/25

Let’s hear from the experts

In the wake of some recent stock market volatility, it’s important to take the long view when it comes to your pension and investments.

Volatility, or sudden sharp movements, is a common aspect of share price performance.

While it can be unsettling, it's important to remember that it's typically short lived. And, because your pension is invested for the long term, it's designed to ride out these short-term shifts.

If you're unsure what to do it’s worth looking at MoneyHelper, a free service set up by the government. You may also want to seek financial advice. There’s often a charge for this.

What’s happening?

Stock markets have been experiencing some volatility - sudden sharp movements - in recent weeks. This has largely been driven by what's been going on in the US, for example, changes in government policy like tariffs or taxes on imports into the country. The effects haven't been confined to the US stock market, however, with some knock-on effect on other markets - particularly in those countries affected by these tariffs.

Market volatility can cause the value of your investments, including pensions, to go up or down quickly.

What to think about

The potential benefits of staying invested

When markets take a downward turn, it’s important to avoid making impulsive decisions. It could make sense to stay invested because these ups and downs tend to balance out. You may also benefit from any potential future upturns in the stock market. However, it’s important to remember the value of investments can go down as well as up.

Investments tend to grow overall over longer periods. So, if you take your money when the value’s dropped, you may not get back what you originally paid in.

Shares tend to perform well

Although past performance isn't a reliable guide to what might happen in the future, over time, shares have historically performed better than most other types of investment, particularly bonds, which are loans to governments or companies, and cash.

Because equities are linked to how companies' earnings perform, they can be volatile in the short term and especially when there's uncertainty around the economy. But in the long term, they tend to perform well.

Diversification is key

Importantly, for most people, their pension is invested across different types of investments like shares and bonds. These investments will also likely be spread across different types of businesses and in different geographical regions. This can help spread your risk when things get bumpy.

This is known as diversification, or not having all your eggs in one basket.

How close you are to retirement

When you're years away from retirement, you're likely to be investing more in shares. Shares carry more risk than other types of investment, but they have the best growth potential.

As you get closer to your target retirement date, your pension savings may start to move into lower-risk investments like bonds, especially if your pension is aligned to a lifestyle strategy. This would mean the opportunity for growth might be lower, but so is the volatility.

What this might mean for you

What you do, if anything, will depend on your circumstances. If you’re not sure what’s best for you, an independent financial adviser will be able to help.

What’s happened in the past

If we look at the historic performance of the UK equity market, we can see how sharp falls are often short-lived. Different markets around the world will have periods of volatility, however as a rule they tend to recover over time. Download this graph: UK equity performance over time (PDF, 233KB)

Graph showing performance of the UK equity market over time. The graph shows an overall rise in performance between 1975 and 2024, with short-term downturns caused by economic issues and other historical events.

This information has been derived from sources which we consider to be reasonable and appropriate. It may also include our views and expectations, which cannot be taken as fact. Investment markets and conditions can change rapidly, and past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. Source for all data: Financial Express and Scottish Widows, as at 31st December 2024. *Index used – MSCI United Kingdom Total Return (Sterling), on a total return basis with dividends reinvested.

Investment markets and conditions can change rapidly, and the performance of your investments will depend on the specific investments held. These views shouldn’t be relied on when making investment decisions. If you’re not sure what to do, talk to an independent financial adviser about what’s best for you.

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